Проведено определение химического состава волокно овечьей шерсти и оценка качества поверхности волокон методом электронной микроскопии. Шерсть овцематки Грозненской породы различается по качеству поверхности волокон по длине и срезанных с различных частей (шея, спина, бок и ляжка). Чешуйки по длине волокна распределены Качественные отличия проявляются в разном элементном составе волокон, как по металлам: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, так и по неметаллам: C, O, S, Si, Cl.The determination of the chemical composition of sheep wool fi bers and the assessment of the surface quality of fi bers by electron microscopy were carried out. The wool fi ber of the Grozny ewe breed varies in surface quality along its length and cut from various parts (neck, back, side and thigh). The fl akes along the fiber length are evenly distributed, their size in the transverse part from the side is 17 ± 1 ?m, the longitudinal length (8-10) ± 1 ?m. For fi ber from a slice of the neck, the size of the scale in the transverse part of the neck is (17-20) ± 1 ?m, the longitudinal length (6-7) ± 1 ?m. The fi ber from the slice of the neck is thinner with small scales compared to the fi ber from the side, which confi rms its high quality. Qualitative differences are manifested in different elemental composition of fi bers, as for metals: Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, and nonmetals: C, O, S, Si, Cl.